Codeforces Round #180 (Div. 2) 解题报告

题目链接

A.Snow Footprints

A - Snow Footprints

The starting position can be anywhere with a footprint. The footprints can be categorized into 3 types.

1. 
   only L s
2. 
   only R s
3. 
   R s followed by L s

In case 1, we end in the left of all footprints. In case 2, we end in the right of all footprints. In case 3, we either end in the rightmost R or the leftmost L

B - Sail

We can simply move by greedy method — only moves when it takes the boat closer to the destination.

C - Parity Game

Fact 0: If a has odd parity, we can apply operation 1 to increase its number of 1 by 1.

Fact 1: If a has a even parity, its number of 1 cannot
increase anymore

If a has parity 0, unless we pop a 1,
otherwise we cannot write a new 1 into a.

Fact 2: If the number of 1 in a is not less than the
one in b, we can always turn a to b

The idea is to make a copy of b at the right of a.
Lets assume a has even parity now. If we need a 0, simply
apply operation 1. If we need a 1, keep remove from head until we remove a 1.
Notice that we never remove digits from 'new part' of a. Now the parity of a will
be odd and we can apply operation 1. After that, the parity of a becomes even again, the number of 1 in
the 'old part' of a decrease by 1 and we handle a 1 in b.

Finally, remove the remain 'old part' of a. Now we get b.

Combine all those fact, we can conclude that we can turn a into b if
and only if

countOnes(a) + parity(countOnes(a)) ≥ countOnes(b)

D - Fish Weight

If n > m, set every weight to 1 and done. Otherwise,
lets sort a and b in non-increasing order, and trim
the last part of b such that its length equals a.

Claim: answer is YES if and only if exists i such that a_i > b_i

 If
for every i, a_i ≤ b_i,
that means for every Alice's fish, there is a correspond Bob's fish which is as heavy as Alice's.

 Let i be
the smallest one such that a_i > b_i.
We can amplify the gap between w_ai and w_bi large
enough to make Alice wins.

E - Splitting the Uniqueness

An equivalent definition for almost unique, is arrays with at least ⌊ 2n / 3⌋ different elements. The idea is to split s into
three parts. In the first part, we give uniqueness to a. In the second part, we give uniqueness to b.
In the third part, we give uniqueness to both.

Lets assume s is sorted. Since s is an unique array, s_i ≥ i for
all i (0-based). The image below will give some intuition on how to split it. ais
red, b is blue, the length of the bar represent the magnitude of the number. In the first and second part, we do not care about the array that we are not
giving uniqueness to.

We will make an example with n = 30.

i = 0... 9:  assign a_i = i (do
not care values of b)

i = 10... 19:  assign b_i = i (do
not care values of a)

i = 20... 29:  assign b_i = 29 - i. a takes
the remains. From i = 20, a will have strictly increasing
values starting from at least 11.