在netty中使用protobuf并实现数据加密传输

最近学习netty，为了实践一些知识点，写了一个小demo，完成了client和server端之间的加密数据传输，并使用了protobuf对数据进行封装，代码虽然简单，但对初学者学习netty应该会有些许帮助，特此记录分享。
首先来看Server的实现，Server和所有的netty示例代码差不多，都是构建netty的ServerBootstrap。

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
         .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
         .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
         .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer&lt;SocketChannel&gt;() {
             @Override
             public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                 ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
                 p.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(10240, 0, 2, 0, 2));
                 p.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
                 p.addLast(new DecryptHandler());
                 p.addLast(new EncryptHandler());
                 p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());
                 p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());
                 p.addLast(new ServerHandler());
             }
         });
        try {
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(9999).sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在这个示例中，我其实是实现了3层编解码，第一层的LengthFieldXXX对应的是netty中的变成编码，第二层的DecryptHandler和EncryptHandler实现了数据的加解密，第三次的MessageDecode和MessageEncode是对数据进行protobuf序列化和反序列化。而最后的ServerHandler实现了对数据的处理，实际这里没啥逻辑，就是返回了消息体的原始长度。整体消息出入处理流程如下：
在这里插入图片描述
接下来我们看下Client的具体实现。

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;

/**
 * @author zhangweibin005
 * @date 2022/7/12
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        bootstrap.group(bossGroup)
                 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                 .handler(new ChannelInitializer&lt;SocketChannel&gt;() {
                     @Override
                     public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                         ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
                         p.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(10240, 0, 2, 0, 2));
                         p.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
                         p.addLast(new DecryptHandler());
                         p.addLast(new EncryptHandler());
                         p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());
                         p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());
                         p.addLast(new ClientHandler());
                     }
                 });
        try {
            Channel c = bootstrap.connect(&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;, 9999).sync().channel();
            ClientHandler clientHandler = c.pipeline().get(ClientHandler.class);
            clientHandler.start();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

Client和Server乍眼一看几乎一模一样，仔细看其实是有些小细节不同，和Server不同的是Clint使用了Bootstrap而不是ServerBootstrap。另外这里需要特别提醒下，很多时候我们在写Server或者Client时所有的编解码都是成对出现的，而且通常使用同一种，会导致一种误区，Server端或者Client Encoder和Decoder必须成对出现。比如用了StringEncoder就必须用StringDecoder。实际上这不完全对，成对出现是指Server和Client端需要使用对应的Decoder和Encoder，也就是出单其中某一端，其实可以使用不同的Decoder和Encoder。
接下来我们看下其他几个的代码，因为LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder和LengthFieldPrepender是netty提供的，所以这里不再展示。我们先来看下加解密部分DecryptHandler和EncryptHandler。

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageEncoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
public class EncryptHandler extends MessageToMessageEncoder&lt;ByteBuf&gt; {
    private static SecretKeySpec secretKey;
    private static byte[] key = Constants.SK.getBytes();
    private static Cipher cipher;

    static {
        MessageDigest sha = null;
        try {
            sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(&quot;SHA-1&quot;);
            key = sha.digest(key);
            key = Arrays.copyOf(key, 16);
            secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, &quot;AES&quot;);
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(&quot;AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding&quot;);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(&quot;&quot;, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, List&lt;Object&gt; out) throws Exception {
        byte[] array = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        msg.getBytes(msg.readerIndex(), array);
        // 调用cipher的api对数据完成加密
        out.add(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(cipher.doFinal(array)));
    }
}

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageDecoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
public class DecryptHandler extends MessageToMessageDecoder&lt;ByteBuf&gt; {
    private static SecretKeySpec secretKey;
    private static byte[] key = Constants.SK.getBytes();
    private static Cipher cipher;

    static {
        MessageDigest sha = null;
        try {
            sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(&quot;SHA-1&quot;);
            key = sha.digest(key);
            key = Arrays.copyOf(key, 16);
            secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, &quot;AES&quot;);
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(&quot;AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding&quot;);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(&quot;&quot;, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, List&lt;Object&gt; out) throws Exception {
        int length = msg.readableBytes();
        byte[] array = new byte[length];
        msg.getBytes(msg.readerIndex(), array);
        // 使用cipher对数据解密
        out.add(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(cipher.doFinal(array)));
    }
}

这里我使用了javax.crypto.Cipher类，并使用AES方式对数据完成加解密。注意，Cipher并不是线程安全的，所以多线程之间不能同时使用同一个Cipher对象，如果有了解Netty原理的话，你应该可以理解，我这里这么用没啥问题。
接下来我们看看protobuf的部分，我实现用protobuf定义了message数据格式，只有简单的三个字段，如下：

syntax = &quot;proto3&quot;;

option java_outer_classname = &quot;MessageProto&quot;;

message Message {
    int64 ts = 1;
    string name = 2;
    string msg = 3;
 }

通过protoc生成了MessageProto.java代码，这里生成的java代码太长，我就不贴出来了，生成的命令如下：

 protoc message.proto --java_out=.

MessageProto.java就可以复制到代码中使用了，关于MessageProto的具体使用方法，可以参考MessageDecoder和MessageEncoder。

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageDecoder;

import java.util.List;
public class MessageDecoder extends MessageToMessageDecoder&lt;ByteBuf&gt; {
    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, List&lt;Object&gt; out) throws Exception {
        byte[] array = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        msg.getBytes(msg.readerIndex(), array);
        MessageProto.Message message = MessageProto.Message.parseFrom(array);
        out.add(message);
    }
}

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageEncoder;

import java.util.List;
public class MessageEncoder extends MessageToMessageEncoder&lt;MessageProto.Message&gt; {
    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProto.Message msg, List&lt;Object&gt; out) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = msg.toByteArray();
        out.add(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(bytes));
    }
}

最后我们来看下ServerHandler和ClientHandler的实现。

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler&lt;MessageProto.Message&gt; {
    @Override
    public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProto.Message msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(msg.getMsg());
        MessageProto.Message resp = MessageProto.Message.newBuilder()
                                                        .setTs(System.currentTimeMillis())
                                                        .setMsg(&quot;消息长度：&quot; + msg.getMsg().length())
                                                        .build();
        ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
    }
}

package xyz.xindoo.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        bootstrap.group(bossGroup)
                 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                 .handler(new ChannelInitializer&lt;SocketChannel&gt;() {
                     @Override
                     public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                         ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
                         p.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(10240, 0, 2, 0, 2));
                         p.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
                         p.addLast(new DecryptHandler());
                         p.addLast(new EncryptHandler());
                         p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());
                         p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());
                         p.addLast(new ClientHandler());
                     }
                 });
        try {
            Channel c = bootstrap.connect(&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;, 9999).sync().channel();
            ClientHandler clientHandler = c.pipeline().get(ClientHandler.class);
            clientHandler.start();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

在netty中使用protobuf并实现数据加密传输

xindoo

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